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(sin(x))/(1+cos(x))=3cot(x/2)

Solution

\frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} = 3 cot (\frac{x}{2})

Solution

x = π + 4 πn, x = 3 π + 4 πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 18 0^{\circ} + 72 0^{\circ} n, x = 54 0^{\circ} + 72 0^{\circ} n, x = 12 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 24 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

\frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} = 3 cot (\frac{x}{2})

Subtract

3 cot (\frac{x}{2})

from both sides

\frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} - 3 cot (\frac{x}{2}) = 0

Simplify

\frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} - 3 cot (\frac{x}{2}) : \frac{sin ( x ) - 3 cot ( \frac{x}{2} ) ( 1 + cos ( x ) )}{1 + cos ( x )}

\frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} - 3 cot (\frac{x}{2})

Convert element to fraction:

3 cot (\frac{x}{2}) = \frac{3 cot ( \frac{x}{2} ) ( 1 + cos ( x ) )}{1 + cos ( x )}

= \frac{sin ( x )}{1 + cos ( x )} - \frac{3 cot ( \frac{x}{2} ) ( 1 + cos ( x ) )}{1 + cos ( x )}

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{sin ( x ) - 3 cot ( \frac{x}{2} ) ( 1 + cos ( x ) )}{1 + cos ( x )}

\frac{sin ( x ) - 3 cot ( \frac{x}{2} ) ( 1 + cos ( x ) )}{1 + cos ( x )} = 0

\frac{f ( x )}{g ( x )} = 0 \Rightarrow f (x) = 0

sin (x) - 3 cot (\frac{x}{2}) (1 + cos (x)) = 0

Let:

u = \frac{x}{2}

sin (2 u) - 3 cot (u) (1 + cos (2 u)) = 0

Express with sin, cos

sin (2 u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cot (u)

Use the basic trigonometric identity:

cot (x) = \frac{cos ( x )}{sin ( x )}

= sin (2 u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 \cdot \frac{cos ( u )}{sin ( u )}

Simplify

sin (2 u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 \cdot \frac{cos ( u )}{sin ( u )} : \frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u ) - 3 cos ( u ) ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) )}{sin ( u )}

sin (2 u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 \cdot \frac{cos ( u )}{sin ( u )}

Multiply

(1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 \cdot \frac{cos ( u )}{sin ( u )} : \frac{3 cos ( u ) ( cos ( 2 u ) + 1 )}{sin ( u )}

(1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 \cdot \frac{cos ( u )}{sin ( u )}

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{cos ( u ) ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) ) \cdot 3}{sin ( u )}

= sin (2 u) - \frac{3 cos ( u ) ( cos ( 2 u ) + 1 )}{sin ( u )}

Convert element to fraction:

sin (2 u) = \frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u )}{sin ( u )}

= \frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u )}{sin ( u )} - \frac{cos ( u ) ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) ) \cdot 3}{sin ( u )}

Since the denominators are equal, combine the fractions:

\frac{a}{c} \pm \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \pm b}{c}

= \frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u ) - cos ( u ) ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) ) \cdot 3}{sin ( u )}

= \frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u ) - 3 cos ( u ) ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) )}{sin ( u )}

\frac{sin ( 2 u ) sin ( u ) - ( 1 + cos ( 2 u ) ) \cdot 3 cos ( u )}{sin ( u )} = 0

\frac{f ( x )}{g ( x )} = 0 \Rightarrow f (x) = 0

sin (2 u) sin (u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cos (u) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

sin (2 u) sin (u) - (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cos (u)

Use the Double Angle identity:

sin (2 x) = 2 sin (x) cos (x)

= 2 sin (u) cos (u) sin (u) - 3 cos (u) (1 + cos (2 u))

2 sin (u) cos (u) sin (u) = 2 sin^{2} (u) cos (u)

2 sin (u) cos (u) sin (u)

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin (u) sin (u) = sin^{1 + 1} (u)

= 2 cos (u) sin^{1 + 1} (u)

Add the numbers:

1 + 1 = 2

= 2 cos (u) sin^{2} (u)

= 2 sin^{2} (u) cos (u) - 3 cos (u) (1 + cos (2 u))

- (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cos (u) + 2 cos (u) sin^{2} (u) = 0

Factor

- (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cos (u) + 2 cos (u) sin^{2} (u) : cos (u) (- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u))

- (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 cos (u) + 2 cos (u) sin^{2} (u)

Factor out common term

cos (u)

= cos (u) (- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u))

cos (u) (- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u)) = 0

Solving each part separately

cos (u) = 0 or - 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u) = 0

cos (u) = 0 : u = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, u = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

cos (u) = 0

General solutions for

cos (u) = 0

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

u = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, u = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

u = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, u = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u) = 0 : u = \frac{π}{3} + πn, u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) + 2 sin^{2} (u) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

- (1 + cos (2 u)) \cdot 3 + 2 sin^{2} (u)

Use the Double Angle identity:

1 - 2 sin^{2} (x) = cos (2 x)

- 2 sin^{2} (x) = cos (2 x) - 1

= - (cos (2 u) - 1) - 3 (1 + cos (2 u))

Simplify

- (cos (2 u) - 1) - 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) : - 4 cos (2 u) - 2

- (cos (2 u) - 1) - 3 (1 + cos (2 u))

- (cos (2 u) - 1) : - cos (2 u) + 1

- (cos (2 u) - 1)

Distribute parentheses

= - (cos (2 u)) - (- 1)

Apply minus-plus rules

- (- a) = a, - (a) = - a

= - cos (2 u) + 1

= - cos (2 u) + 1 - 3 (1 + cos (2 u))

Expand

- 3 (1 + cos (2 u)) : - 3 - 3 cos (2 u)

- 3 (1 + cos (2 u))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b + c) = ab + a c

a = - 3, b = 1, c = cos (2 u)

= - 3 \cdot 1 + (- 3) cos (2 u)

Apply minus-plus rules

+ (- a) = - a

= - 3 \cdot 1 - 3 cos (2 u)

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 1 = 3

= - 3 - 3 cos (2 u)

= - cos (2 u) + 1 - 3 - 3 cos (2 u)

Simplify

- cos (2 u) + 1 - 3 - 3 cos (2 u) : - 4 cos (2 u) - 2

- cos (2 u) + 1 - 3 - 3 cos (2 u)

Group like terms

= - cos (2 u) - 3 cos (2 u) + 1 - 3

Add similar elements:

- cos (2 u) - 3 cos (2 u) = - 4 cos (2 u)

= - 4 cos (2 u) + 1 - 3

Add/Subtract the numbers:

1 - 3 = - 2

= - 4 cos (2 u) - 2

= - 4 cos (2 u) - 2

= - 4 cos (2 u) - 2

- 2 - 4 cos (2 u) = 0

Move

2

to the right side

- 2 - 4 cos (2 u) = 0

Add

2

to both sides

- 2 - 4 cos (2 u) + 2 = 0 + 2

Simplify

- 4 cos (2 u) = 2

- 4 cos (2 u) = 2

Divide both sides by

- 4

- 4 cos (2 u) = 2

Divide both sides by

- 4

\frac{- 4 cos ( 2 u )}{- 4} = \frac{2}{- 4}

Simplify

\frac{- 4 cos ( 2 u )}{- 4} = \frac{2}{- 4}

Simplify

\frac{- 4 cos ( 2 u )}{- 4} : cos (2 u)

\frac{- 4 cos ( 2 u )}{- 4}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{- a}{- b} = \frac{a}{b}

= \frac{4 cos ( 2 u )}{4}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{4}{4} = 1

= cos (2 u)

Simplify

\frac{2}{- 4} : - \frac{1}{2}

\frac{2}{- 4}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{a}{- b} = - \frac{a}{b}

= - \frac{2}{4}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= - \frac{1}{2}

cos (2 u) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (2 u) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (2 u) = - \frac{1}{2}

General solutions for

cos (2 u) = - \frac{1}{2}

cos (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} cos (x) 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} cos (x) - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2}

2 u = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, 2 u = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

2 u = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, 2 u = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Solve

2 u = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn : u = \frac{π}{3} + πn

2 u = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 u}{2} : u

\frac{2 u}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= u

Simplify

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{π}{3} + πn

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2} = \frac{π}{3}

\frac{\frac{2 π}{3}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{2 π}{3 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 2 = 6

= \frac{2 π}{6}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= \frac{π}{3}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{π}{3} + πn

Solve

2 u = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn : u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

2 u = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

Simplify

\frac{2 u}{2} : u

\frac{2 u}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= u

Simplify

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2} : \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} + \frac{2 πn}{2}

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2} = \frac{2 π}{3}

\frac{\frac{4 π}{3}}{2}

Apply the fraction rule:

\frac{\frac{b}{c}}{a} = \frac{b}{c \cdot a}

= \frac{4 π}{3 \cdot 2}

Multiply the numbers:

3 \cdot 2 = 6

= \frac{4 π}{6}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= \frac{2 π}{3}

\frac{2 πn}{2} = πn

\frac{2 πn}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= πn

= \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

u = \frac{π}{3} + πn, u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Combine all the solutions

u = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn, u = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, u = \frac{π}{3} + πn, u = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Substitute back

u = \frac{x}{2}

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn : x = π + 4 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

2 \cdot \frac{π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn : π + 4 πn

2 \cdot \frac{π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

2 \cdot \frac{π}{2} = π

2 \cdot \frac{π}{2}

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{π 2}{2}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= π

2 \cdot 2 πn = 4 πn

2 \cdot 2 πn

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= 4 πn

= π + 4 πn

x = π + 4 πn

x = π + 4 πn

x = π + 4 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn : x = 3 π + 4 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn : 3 π + 4 πn

2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 \cdot 2 πn

2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2} = 3 π

2 \cdot \frac{3 π}{2}

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{3 π 2}{2}

Cancel the common factor:

2

= 3 π

2 \cdot 2 πn = 4 πn

2 \cdot 2 πn

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= 4 πn

= 3 π + 4 πn

x = 3 π + 4 πn

x = 3 π + 4 πn

x = 3 π + 4 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{3} + πn : x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{3} + πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{π}{3} + πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{π}{3} + 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{π}{3} + 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

2 \cdot \frac{π}{3} + 2 πn : \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

2 \cdot \frac{π}{3} + 2 πn

Multiply

2 \cdot \frac{π}{3} : \frac{2 π}{3}

2 \cdot \frac{π}{3}

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{π 2}{3}

= \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn : x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{x}{2} = \frac{2 π}{3} + πn

Multiply both sides by

2

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} = 2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

Simplify

\frac{2 x}{2} : x

\frac{2 x}{2}

Divide the numbers:

\frac{2}{2} = 1

= x

Simplify

2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn : \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn

2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3} = \frac{4 π}{3}

2 \cdot \frac{2 π}{3}

Multiply fractions:

a \cdot \frac{b}{c} = \frac{a \cdot b}{c}

= \frac{2 π 2}{3}

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 2 = 4

= \frac{4 π}{3}

= \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

x = π + 4 πn, x = 3 π + 4 πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

Since the equation is undefined for:

π + 4 πn, 3 π + 4 πn

x = π + 4 πn, x = 3 π + 4 πn, x = \frac{2 π}{3} + 2 πn, x = \frac{4 π}{3} + 2 πn

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